申请

South Africa customs officials battle wildlife trafficking with 3D printing

3D printed replica shark fins are aiding customs and law enforcement officials across South Africa to combat wildlife trafficking.

WILDOCEANS,属于南非非营利组织的计划野生想法,南非林业,渔业与环境部(dffe),以及交通这是一个专注于生物多样性保护的非政府组织,已经聚集在一起为前线官员提供一个鲨鱼ID工具包,其中包含3D印刷鲨鱼鳍,以帮助他们识别非法交易的鲨鱼物种。

The kits will be delivered as part of a series of training sessions to help law enforcement officials make better-informed compliance decisions to effectively curb the country’s illegal shark trade.

“鲨鱼保护基金(SCF)使我们项目的总体目标成为可能,以增加对南非物种的保护。”好事的家伙.

“我们对这种训练以及所有这些工具对保护地球上最濒危的分类单元之一的影响感到非常兴奋。”

Replica shark fins after painting (Bowmouth Guitarfish (Rhina ancylostoma) caudal fin, Oceanic Whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus dorsal fin, and Great Hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran pectoral fin). Image via TRAFFIC.
Replica shark fins after painting (Bowmouth Guitarfish (Rhina ancylostoma) caudal fin, Oceanic Whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus dorsal fin, and Great Hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran pectoral fin). Image via TRAFFIC.

The global illegal shark trade

鲨鱼的过度捕捞是一个全球问题,主要是由于对鲨鱼鳍的巨大需求以及缺乏管理来确保鲨鱼渔业的可持续性。根据WWF, 和......一样多100 million sharks are fished annually为了满足他们对鳍和肉类的需求,这一行为正在耗尽和威胁全球的人口。

结果,已在附录II中列出了40多种鲨鱼和射线物种国际贸易大会野生动物和动植物的濒危物种(引用)。该清单要求获得许可证,确认鲨鱼产品的运输是合法和可持续的。

但是,鲨鱼鳍可能很难在物种水平上识别,非法交易者可以利用它来使他们的优势虚假地宣布鳍的运输为未在CITES上未列出的物种。因此,一线执法官员在执行引用方面面临巨大的挑战,因为人手不足和能力不足,无法应对大量的鲨鱼鳍穿过陆地,空中和海港。

Simone Louw, TRAFFIC's Project Officer in Cape Town inspects a shark fin seizure concerning CITES-listed species. Photo via Markus Bürgener/TRAFFIC.
Simone Louw, TRAFFIC’s Project Officer in Cape Town inspects a shark fin seizure concerning CITES-listed species. Photo via Markus Bürgener/TRAFFIC.

3D printed shark fins

交通works across the globe to improve the trade of wild animals and plants in regards to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. According to the organization, the vast majority of enforcement agencies have not been trained using real shark fins, and neither do they have access to them, which limits their ability to identify the fins of CITES-listed sharks.

交通与DFFE的鲨鱼科学家Charlene Da Silva合作,以探索使用基于实际干鲨鱼鳍的3D印刷鳍的可能性,以解决此问题。一旦获得资金来通过交通的RETTA项目进行必要的研发过程,那么3D印刷复制鳍的开发带来了来自世界各地的多个利益相关者。

多年来,佛罗里达鲨鱼专家黛布拉·阿伯克罗比(Debra Abercrombie)收集了来自Cites上市鲨鱼的干鳍,他们将其用于培训海关和渔业官员,并在鳍的主要识别特征上进行了培训。该系列的鳍和其他鳍片进行了激光3D扫描,以提供每个鳍片的数字复制品,然后对3D打印进行了优化。

使用选择性激光烧结(SLS)3D打印过程在尼龙中打印3D。烧结的尼龙提供了类似于砂纸的质地略带粗糙的质地,类似于真正的干鲨鱼鳍。然后对鳍片进行绘画,根据流量,这是该项目中最具挑战性的部分,因为需要确保准确的颜色和标记以识别目的。

3D打印的鳍还包含沿其前沿的每个鲨鱼的名称,并在可以附加QR码的凸起的方形部分。这些QR码链接到专用的网页that provide the key identifying features for each species.

使用3D图像软件对Blue Shark Fin(Pecoral)进行3D激光扫描。通过MarkusBürgener/交通摄影。
使用3D图像软件对Blue Shark Fin(Pecoral)进行3D激光扫描。通过MarkusBürgener/交通摄影。

通过3D打印保护野生动植物

尽管野生动植物保护可能不是最明显的3D打印应用程序,但已经有许多计划利用了该技术来帮助保护濒危物种并打击非法贸易。

例如,加拿大的研究人员École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS) andUniversité de Montréal最近3D打印保护性的“冠”for the tusks of an endangered walrus at a nearby aquarium. The team produced metal caps fitted exactly to the walrus’ tusks to prevent them from becoming vulnerable to dental abscesses.

Elsewhere, the肯特大学and conservation organizationPaso Pacifico3D打印了一组decoy sea turtle eggs在哥斯达黎加的嵌入式GPS跟踪器中,将它们放在一百多个鸟巢中。一旦卵被盗,研究人员就能够追踪非法商人,并确定其干预犯罪企业的潜在途径,以防止非法盗窃和贸易海龟卵。

3D printing has also been deployed as a novel method of repairing a coral reef in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in China. A team from香港大学设计和3D印刷128六角形粘土瓷砖customized to encourage coral attachment and deployed them in three sites around the bay. Observing their artificial reef over the next 18 months, the team hopes the project could present an effective method of preventing coral reef deterioration across the region.

The replica shark fins after 3D printing using sintered nylon as the main material for printing (Bowmouth Guitarfish (Rhina ancylostoma) caudal fin, Oceanic Whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus dorsal fin, and Great Hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran pectoral fin). Image via TRAFFIC.
The replica shark fins after 3D printing using sintered nylon as the main material for printing (Bowmouth Guitarfish (Rhina ancylostoma) caudal fin, Oceanic Whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus dorsal fin, and Great Hammerhead Sphyrna mokarran pectoral fin). Image via TRAFFIC.

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特色图片显示绘画后的复制鲨鱼(Bowmouth Guithfish(Rhina Ancylostoma)尾鳍,海洋Whitetip Carcharhinus longimanus背鳍和Great Hammerhead Sphyrna Mokarran Mokarran pecoral Fin)。通过流量图像。