Recently, 3D Printing Industry launched our spotlight on树脂3D打印survey更好地了解如何使用这种基本添加剂制造技术。
我们还与专家谈论了增值税光聚合如何多年来如何成熟以及树脂3D打印的未来机会，无论是通过高级材料开发还是欠发达的商业机会。
David Walker is the Co-Founder ofAzul 3D还有Northwestern Universityresearcher. At Northwestern Walker conducts research in the areas of nano-scale printing/lithography tools and disruptive large-scale additive manufacturing capabilities. He is also a board member withRadTech，紫外线+EB光聚合物化学的非营利关联。
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3DPI: How have you seen resin-based 3D printing develop in recent years?
David Walker: I think there has been a major refocusing on ultimate material properties. Carbon is primarily responsible for giving the industry a kick in the caboose back in 2016 and 2017 on this front. They started to property-shame key market leaders with their innovative approaches and two-part resins. And while many end-users have found the two-part resins a bit of a hassle to use, they have spurred on a great amount of innovation in the field. UV-curable resins are no longer just considered brittle glasses. Resin-based 3D printing used to be considered the worst with regards to material properties in the plastics space – now it’s considered the best and most versatile platform…it’s infinitely tunable.
The other big trend has been suppliers increasing the viscosity of their resins using high-molecular-weight polymers to get a boost in material properties quickly. This was fine to address the immediate market need, but it really didn’t require a lot of detailed chemical understanding or insight to achieve. The big challenge in the field today is that these higher viscosity materials ultimately become problematic and rate-limiting to printer operation speeds. At present, development in the field is striving to keep these great material properties but to develop one-part resins that are low viscosity to get the job done quickly.
3DPI：您认为要克服基于光聚合物的3D打印的下一个技术障碍是什么？
David Walker: Like I said above, getting great material properties of lower viscosities is a big challenge. The other big things going on pertain to what I would consider ‘secondary’ properties. Everyone looks at tensile and elongation… but if you sacrificed on a secondary property such as water adsorption, then your cheap tough-resin might actually be useless to an end consumer. No one wants a plastic part that swells 5-10% when it’s in a humid environment. Now a good resin is achieving high marks on both the classical ‘primary’ mechanical properties, but it also has to address all the other ‘secondary’ properties that a customer might not consider or declare to you up front.
Lastly there seems to be challenges with supply chain sourcing and consistency. There doesn’t seem to be a great or universally agreed upon method for testing resins. So printer-to-printer and resin bottle to resin bottle there are variations and as a result the end user can get very wildly different material outcomes. Right now the field is very much based around ‘tuning a machine in with a resin’ because both the machine and the resin are changing over time. The consistency problem will be big for end-user adoption.
3DPI：您认为哪些增值税光聚合的应用是市场不足的，为什么？
David Walker: Right now there seems to be a lot of interest in getting material properties that can increase the total addressable market; everyone is searching for new customers wanting to adopt AM at scale and find the best use-cases. For example, right now there’s been a big push where every company is announcing their work on a UL flame-resistant resin. If a company hasn’t pushed a press release yet, it’s probably being worked on in the back of house.
对于许多商业最终用户来说，这是一个重要的特性，法规严格决定了所使用的塑料的易燃性评分。这也不只是航空航天或国防签约，而是许多以消费者为中心的商品。试想一下您一天中隐藏了多少次UL徽标！
3DPI：关于增值税光聚合技术的材料开发的机会在哪里？
David Walker: Tear resistance in elastomers with good rebound. Many of the classic polymer-physics tricks used in molded parts can’t be used in 3D printing because of the requirements on fluid flow. Filled resins can certainly enhance these properties, but they are tricky to print with. Just like the Tethon resins – when they work they are amazing…but when there is an issue they are a thick, slurry mess.
这是将树脂用任何性质的颗粒加载的固有挑战 - 陶瓷或其他方式。在坚韧/耐用的阵线上 - 缺乏良好的高温和高质塑料，具有良好的冲击力。人们一直在努力获得非常高的热触发温度 - 如果您曾经在半拖车或集装箱船的后部运送一部分，这很重要 - 而没有做出重大牺牲的整体韧性。
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Featured image shows Sisma Resin 3D printing. Photo by Michael Petch.
