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沙特阿拉伯的化学生产商SABIC已与美国自动驾驶汽车制造商合作本地电动机评估重复使用3D打印废物副产品的可行性。
As part of a joint study, the firms ground scrap polymeric parts and shavings from Local Motors’ additive manufacturing process into a reusable pelletized feedstock. The resulting material proved to be printable in large-format extrusion machines with up to 100% recycled content, potentially making it a promising first step on the path towards greater circularity within the wider 3D printing industry.
“Building next-generation vehicles means embracing next-generation manufacturing processes,” said Johnny Scotello, Director of Technical Product at Local Motors. “We’re proud to work with SABIC in making large format additive manufacturing more sustainable.”
“为废料或生命终止零件带来价值是一个艰巨的挑战，但是这项研究的结果表明，可持续的循环产品的光明未来。”
3D打印的回收困境
虽然已经大量的研发已经开发了环保的3D打印材料，但到目前为止，这项研究未能产生既定的价值链来重复使用废弃的零件。过去，研究人员证明了3D打印所有内容的可行性拆除浪费到白蚁弗拉斯，但再次，没有找到在工厂地板上应用其方法的方法。
实际上，复杂性是回收3D打印副产品的主要障碍之一，因为目前需要收集和运输，然后才能清洁，切割和恢复。这种重新组合过程还使任何产生的材料都容易受到降解的影响，因为重复的热周期分解了它们的聚合物链，减少纤维长度并最终影响其最终性能。
为了准确了解此类因素如何影响再生材料的可打印性，公司恢复并重新恢复了一些SABIC LNP THERMOCOMP AM本地电动机在其车辆生产过程中使用的化合物，目的是优化其性质并扩展其生命周期以重复重新处理。
一种优化的重新寻找方法
Starting with printability evaluations, SABIC and Local Motors prepared six samples with different reprocessed content levels of 0-100%. Once ready, the mixtures were 3D printed using SABIC’s Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) machine at its Polymer Processing Development Center, into single-layer hexagonal parts.
事实证明，每个印刷的物体都具有光滑，闪亮的表面和笔直，甚至显示出材料流的任何问题。然后，两家公司通过经过修改的ASTM D-790测试方法对其进行三分弯曲评估来评估其原型的机械性能。
根据这些公司的说法，结果表明，那些包含较小百分比的重新构造材料的样品表现出“优质的拉伸性能”，而完全重新循环的部分在X方向上降低了15％的拉伸性能，在Z方向上降低了15％，反映了15％在重新注射成型和挤出材料中通常看到的趋势。
As a result, the companies concluded that post-industrial and consumer scrap materials can potentially be reused, but only if the process is made viable by industry collaboration. Having now wound-up its role in the research, SABIC says that it intends to issue a detailed report on its findings, which it considers to be a “first step in finding a circular solution for the large-format AM industry.”
“As adoption of large-format AM accelerates, it is essential to find sustainable alternatives to landfilling large, printed parts,” concluded Walter Thompson, a Senior Applications Development Engineer at SABIC. “Our study showed great potential for reusing these materials, and marks a first step in supporting reuse within the value chain.”
Advances in sustainable 3D printing
虽然一种行业标准的回收不需要的3D印刷零件仍然难以捉摸，但许多制造商已经设计了自己减少工业足迹的方法。例如，今年早些时候Ford与3D打印机OEM合作HP到回收其添加剂制造废物into end-use injection molded automotive parts.
别处，Materialise已经推出了它Bluesint PA12 technology,它允许使用者SLS 3 d打印组件using up to 100% reused powder。自2019年11月推出以来，Blueprint PA12已由3D打印机制造商捆绑信托有了新的信托S100 machine，帮助客户从事更可持续的生产实践。
德国聚合物生产商Covestro与此同时Arnite AM2001 GF和PC-R材料。发射在TCT亚洲2021，后者是基于重复使用的水瓶，设计用于电子和汽车零件的生产中。
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Featured image shows SABIC’s Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) machine at its Polymer Processing Development Center. Image via SABIC.
