In an update ofDecree No. 2018-1057theFrench Governmenthas placed further control over foreign investment into sensitive technology sectors, including additive manufacturing.
Part of a regular update to ensure the country’s code remains up to date, the changes do mean that certain research and development activities, relating to public security and national defense, will come under greater scrutiny.
正如StéphanieFaber和VéroniqueCollin所解释的The National Law Review, “The government has stated that its objective is to help the country adjust to new and contemporary challenges through better protection of the technological sectors of the future,”
“尽管政府的看法是，这不应为未来的外国投资造成障碍，但技术部门的潜在投资者应意识到，可能会对法国的投资进行仔细检查。”
How is 3D printing affected?
Decree No. 2058-1057, which came into force January 1 2019, and consolidated January 25 2018, has undergone several amendments, but the one relating to additive manufacturing is listed under Article 1. This article relates to the list of activities that require prior authorization from the French Minister for the Economy should they be the subject of a foreign investment.
One such activity is listed as research and development activities relating to “cybersecurity artificial intelligence, robotics, additive manufacturing, [and] semiconductors.” More specifically this would be R&D activities relating to the following list of sensitive sectors:
– 4 ° Activities relating to equipment or technical devices likely to allow the interception of correspondence or designed for the remote detection of conversations or the capture of computer data”
– 8 ° Activities relating to the means of cryptology and the services of cryptology
– 9 ° Activities carried out by companies holding national defense secrets
– 12 ° Other activities relating to equipment, products or services, including those relating to the safety and proper functioning of facilities and equipment, essential to guaranteeing the country’s interests in matters of public order, security public or national defense, concerning energy sources and water supply, transport, public health, communications and secure computing, (i.e. for the national police.)
除了这些扩展控制之外，政府还针对未能遵守而引发了更严格的制裁。
France’s FDI
To put France’s receipt of foreign investment into perspective in 2017, according to the UNCTAD World Investment Report, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to France increased from $35 billion to approximately $50 billion. Further, according to the latest available data from theOECD, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the UK and Switzerland remain the top four investors in France. In 2016, Luxembourg represented 20.6% of France’s FDI, the Netherlands 13.4%, the UK 11.8% and Switzerland 10.6%. The U.S. by comparison, constituted 8.2% of FDI.
By sector, professional, scientific and technical activities and manufacturing industry accrue the largest investments by far. In 2016, professional, scientific and technical activities accounted for 24.6% of the country’s total FDI flow, whereas manufacturing accounted for 24.2%.
还考虑为国家安全的利益，新技术的影响，美国联邦工业局(BIS) and Security was seeking advice on howadditive manufacturing should be defined, which would in turn relate toexport status.
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在即将到来的2019 3D Printing Industry Awards.
Featured image shows the inside of the French National Assembly. Photo via Assemblée Nationale
